Rescue Trucks To Fast-Charge Electric Cars

By Zach McDonald · June 09, 2011

JAF Rescue Charger

In an effort to ease the burdens associated with range anxiety, several companies are exploring EV rescue vehicles, which are capable of quickly recharging battery-dead plug-in cars. The charge-on-the-go can send stranded electric cars back on the road in as little as 20 minutes. Most recently, Nissan announced the creation of a trial service in Japan's Kanagawa prefecture (site of its international headquarters,) that will allow EV drivers in the area to call for a free rescue charge whenever needed.

The pilot program will showcase Nissan's new portable charging truck, a 5-ton diesel with a built-on generator and all three levels of charging. With its DC fast-charger, the truck can give a depleted LEAF 25 miles of extra range in about 20 minutes.

Using a rapid-response line coordinated by the Japanese Automobile Federation—which is more or less Japan's version of AAA—Nissan hopes to drastically cut the turnaround time required to get stranded EV drivers back on the road.

The carmaker claims that there are no current plans to use the rescue trucks outside of Japan, but if the tests prove positive in terms of their ability to reassure consumers that the worst case scenarios associated with driving an EV are not all that bad, the service could be tried elsewhere.

In April, Eaton and Real Power revealed (PDF) “the first proof-of-concept Mobile EV Recharge and Rescue Truck” here in the United States. Though manufacturing and development plans for the vehicle are sketchy, images and design details suggest that in concept, it's very similar to the one Nissan will introduce in Japan: three levels of diesel-powered charging capable of getting a car back on the road in less than 20 minutes. Eaton claims that the truck can charge a vehicle to 85 percent of battery capacity using just one gallon of diesel fuel.

Real Power Rescue Charger

Eaton and Real Power have teamed up to create the Mobile EV Recharge and Rescue Truck, which can charge a stranded plug-in to 85 percent capacity in less than 20 minutes.

In the short run, Nissan and Eaton may be onto something. The worst part about range anxiety isn't so much the hassle of getting towed to the nearest public charger—an extremely rare situation, with a little common-sense planning—so much as the fear of that remote possibility.

How long will the process take? How far will I be taken of course? These are questions that any reasonable person would ask when faced with the choice of continuing home with just a few miles of range remaining or diverting to plug in for a slow, 120V Level 1 trickle-charge. Spelling out what the worst case scenario actually is—and cutting down drastically on the inconvenience it causes—should embolden existing drivers to push their EVs to their fullest potential.

Once a nationwide network of (stationary) DC fast-charging emerges, the recharge and rescue truck would become little more than a rarely-considered safety net. In the meantime, any tool to allay range anxiety is worth considering.

About the author

Zach McDonald is a writer from New York City. He has been covering alternative fuel vehicles, politics and energy policy for HybridCars.com and PluginCars.com since moving to Oakland five years ago. His first car was a late '80s Chevy Caprice Classic and he looks forward to his next being a plug-in—preferably with a working radio.

Full bio · 257 posts

Comments

· Anonymous (not verified) · 48 weeks ago

I suppose, but... Steven's first law of human psychology: sloth and carelessness will expand to fill the vacumn created to support it.

As Brad(?) wrote, 'stuff happens' - or at least the gauges say it threatens to happen. But a rescue truck wouldn't have saved him from the more serious marital threat of failing to pick up his daughter as promised.

· darelldd · 48 weeks ago

Still... this is one more feather OUT of the cap of the nay-sayers who have always claimed, "AAA can't bring me a plastic container of electrons on the side of the road!" Sure they can! wouldn't it be great if these things at least had bioD generators? How about a truckload of caps that are solar charged while the rig sits awaiting the call?

Really, it isn't that hard. If we can do tow trucks with gasoline on board, we can do energy trucks with electrons on board.

· sean t (not verified) · 48 weeks ago

Interesting news:
http://gas2.org/2011/06/08/mit-students-develop-liquid-fuel-for-electric...

· abasile · 48 weeks ago

An 85% charge on 1 gallon of diesel. That is quite good! More efficient than a typical "range extender", and possibly more efficient than a Prius.

· Benjamin Nead · 48 weeks ago

My only criticism is the form factor of that big rescue truck. OK, I guess it also doubles as a flat bed tow truck. But do you really need a 5 ton diesel to haul around an emergency charging terminal? One could imagine that a vehicle the size of a small mini-van - or even smaller - could be configured do exactly the same thing, minus the hauling capabilities.

On the Eaton/Real Power one, it looks as someone simply stole a terminal that had been previously mounted on a cement pad and stuck it onto a flatbed. Couldn't they have built the charging electronics into one of the compartments below the flatbed area?

· Tom Moloughney · 48 weeks ago

I just don't see the business model for these to succeed. They will have to charge a LOT of money for the charge in order to cover expenses let alone make a profit. This equipment is expensive! Then you have to figure that they won't be needed all that much anyway. EV drivers will adjust to the reduced range as compared to their previous ICE vehicles. I don't see how they can offer a service like this and not charge in the range of $200-$250 per charge. It would be much cheaper to just tow the car back to your home or a nearby chargepoint.

· Benjamin Nead · 48 weeks ago

Hey, that link sean t posted in his message IS interesting. Daryll mentions, in hypothetical just, the comments of the frustrated stranded motorist exclaiming that they are not able to pour a liquid full electrons into an EV to get it running again. If that MIT "Cambridge Crude" idea comes to fruition . . . well, they just might!

· ex-EV1 driver · 48 weeks ago

Personally, I wish they the J-1772 standard had been designed so that it would allow bi-directional flow. They you could just pull your EV up to someone else's and charge it a bit from yours enough to get to a charging station.
AC Propulsion EVs can put out Level 2 power levels but it should actually be possible to put out DC fast charge levels. Maybe the next or a future fast charge standard will allow this.
There would be no laws of physics broken if you drove your Leaf with an 80% SoC up to someone's with a 0% SoC, charged it for 10 minutes so yours had a 55% SoC and theirs had 20%, enough to get 20 miles to a charging station.

· darelldd · 48 weeks ago

Great point, ex-EV1

· Marcin (not verified) · 48 weeks ago

Can rescue trucks charge on way? So instead of waiting for 20 minutes just drive on front or back with cable connected.
If this is considered to dangerous are there proper regulations on place?
Maybe solution will be to put electric traction on all motorways as it was done for trolleybuses or electric coils below road so cars will be charging while driving. If we can speedup charging process it may be enough to have charging lines on motorway for e.g. 1 mile every 50 miles (charging for range of 70 miles at least).

I think electric cars are not there yet. I'm writing it from my laptop on with battery (same as on those cars but smaller) is now lasting for 40min instead of initial 5h. Charging time is way longer then usage time.
(100miles = 2h while charging is 6h)

Current cars are so robust that can last for 100 000 miles without any repairs. Even cheaper models can beat max speed of compact electric cars. Fueling takes less then paying for it.

Another issue is prize. Car companies are giving quotes similar to prize of cars with disel engine. Cars with lower performance then now, cheaper in production should cost less not more then current cars.

Last issue not mentioned anywhere so far will be possibility to steal electricity. Current electric grids are not protected at all as it was not possible to steal it. With electric cars it will be easy enough to park near street lamps and steal power over night. So all outlets will need to be upgraded on our cost.

We still can produce hydrogen and just burn it in current cars. We can also produce alcohols or natural oils what is the problem?

· Benjamin Nead · 48 weeks ago

Oh boy . . . where do we start, Marcin? I'll ask, first of all, that you learn the difference between the words "then" and "than." Sorry for playing grammar cop here, but I see that one all over the internet, all the time.

After that, go out and buy a new laptop battery for yourself. Yes, these things do wear out . . . just like every other man-made object. Given proper care, your laptop will be back to its 5 hour run-time between charges again . . . and should do so for you, for years to come. The next laptop you buy will probably have a 10 hour run time between charges. Some of that will be due to the fact that batteries are simply getting better, not worse.

I don't know which gas powered auto you know of that can go 100,000 miles "without repairs," but I have spent thousands of dollars on oil, filters, belts, hoses, coolant changes, ignition components, expired emission control devices, clutches and a host of other parts on my 16 year-old/125,000 mile vehicle. This is typical, not exceptional. An electric vehicle is also not going to be maintenance-free, but the above parts I mention aren't even going to be on a battery-powered car. If you want 100,000 miles "without repairs," you're going to come a LOT closer to being able to do it with batteries and a motor with 2 moving parts!

Tethered charging cables from a truck in motion? Burning hydrogen in an ICE? Inductance coils built into the roadways? Stealing electricity from lamp posts? Man . . . there are only so many hours in the day to debunk all of that. Make a valid case for just one we'll take it from there.

· darelldd · 48 weeks ago

I'm just going to go with "ditto" on Benjamin's post! EVs aren't "there yet" because your Laptop battery is worn out?

· abasile · 48 weeks ago

Laptop batteries typically do not last because they are poorly managed. They are usually kept at 100% state of charge for long periods of time, which is detrimental to lithium ion batteries. Heat from the laptop computer also shortens the life of the battery, as do full discharges.

If you want to greatly prolong the life of your laptop battery, then allow the laptop to charge the battery to roughly 80% and no higher, and then remove the battery until you actually need it for mobile use. Don't leave it at 100% for a long time, and try not to drain it all the way down.

If you were to purchase a modern electric vehicle, the car would take care of battery management for you. Modern EVs only use the middle of the battery's potential charge range. And the LEAF in particular uses a battery chemistry that does not tend to heat up a great deal, which keeps the car simpler by avoiding the need for liquid cooling.

· Benjamin Nead · 48 weeks ago

With the small lithium polymer batteries (LiPoly or LiPo, as they are commonly referred to) we find in model airplanes, the thing that most commonly tends to kill them off is to completely discharge them. I assume that this is also true for lithium ion (Li-ion) formulas found in EVs. A well designed electronic speed controller (ESC) will initiate a low voltage cutoff to the model airplane motor, if the battery starts to run dangerously low. Its actually dangerous (chance of fire) to discharge a lithium battery all the way down to 0V.

The other thing that these little batteries don't like is to be charged at too high of an amperage or current setting. 1C - or charging at the same amperage setting as the battery - is typically recommended. Since many hobby chargers are designed to work with a very wide range of battery amperage ratings and cell count - not to mention different battery chemistry formulations - it's all too easy for the careless hobbyist to dial in the wrong settings on the charger and fry the battery with too much current.

I haven't heard about any ill effects of 100% charging, abasile, as I assume that this is what's going to happen just about any time a lithium battery-powered consumer device (cell phone, laptop) is going to be hooked up to the manufacturer-supplied charger that it was designed to work with.

The instructions on my new cell phone (which contains a 1000mAh Li-ion and came with a simple 0.7mAh charger without a "charge full" indicator light) basically says to charge until the phone's LCD indicates that its full, but not to leave the phone plugged into the charger for any longer than one week.

This is pretty much what I did with my last cell phone and the supplied Li-ion battery worked fine for the 5 years I owned it. Since consumers will typically use the charger that came with their cell phone or laptop, there is little danger of charging with too much current. The devices are also probably wired with low voltage cutoff, so they stop working long before the battery discharges into the danger zone. But nothing prevents a consumer from letting their Li-ion-powered device sit for months at a time and let the battery discharge beyond the point of no return.

If you're still with us, Marcin, take your laptop battery with you to the computer store, when you're ready to buy a new one. Not only will this make it easier for the person behind the counter to determine the proper replacement, they will be able to take it off your hands and (hopefully) dispose of it properly. NEVER simply put a lithium battery in the trash!

As far as 80% charging, this is what the model plane guys do with their LiPo packs, when putting them in storage during the non-flying months. They usually have to discharge the packs with a specialized device, like this one . . .

http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1009719

. . . to ensure a controlled discharge (not too much and to keep all cells balanced) or using the discharge function built into many of the more advanced hobby chargers to obtain this 80% rate. But I have never heard of using the 80% mark as the most desired operating parameter.

· ex-EV1 driver · 48 weeks ago

Regarding Li-ion (Li-Poly is just a variant): they generally prefer to be at ~50% SoC although they generally do pretty well between 20% and 80% Soc and not too badly between 10% and 90% SoC. This, of course will vary with specifics. Car manufacturers can declare their batteries as full or empty at whatever point they want so they can easily avoid this at the expense of being able to achieve longer range. The Volt clearly does this.
Regarding deep discharge: No batteries like to be fully discharged and Li-ion and Pb-A really detest it. Modern EVs should prevent this from accidentally happening but you can screw up by pushing them after they tell you to plug in. The other problem I've heard about is people parking an EV with a low SoC for long periods of time, not on a charger. This will actually kill a battery. If you're going to park an EV for several weeks, fill it up first or leave it on a charger.
Regarding fast charging: Fast charging varies a lot with battery specifics, however, the only way fast charging hurts the battery is if you overcharge any cell or cells in the pack or if you let it get hot while charging. The charging controller in a modern electric car should take care of this for you. Note that the Leaf states that you shouldn't fast charge the battery more than once per day. I suppose this is because it doesn't have active cooling and the battery may not have time to cool completely if you continuously drive, fast charge, drive, fast charge, etc.

· abasile · 48 weeks ago

@Benjamin Nead - "But I have never heard of using the 80% mark as the most desired operating parameter."

Nissan recommends charging the LEAF to only 80% unless you need the maximum possible range. In practice, we still don't know how much difference this will make in terms of battery capacity over the long haul. Also, an "80%" charge likely equates to lower than 80% SOC since the "usable" portion of the charge range is most likely about 84% of the total capacity.

I believe Tesla also recommends charging to only 80% most of the time.

From personal experience, I agree with what has been said about deep discharges. Nothing has seemed to hurt the capacity of laptop and cell phone batteries I've owned more than letting them drain all the way down.

· Michael · 46 weeks ago

What is the point of having a charging truck? In the 20 minutes it takes to charge the electric car so it can get drive another 20 minutes to the charging station, it could have just been towed there, and probably finished fast charging enough to get it where it's going. Towing would also move it out of danger from passing traffic, especially on a freeway, and not created freeway tie ups with a "rubber necking" situation ("What's that? It looks like a truck charging an electric car.")

Let's hope California doesn't do something stupid like this. We have enough traffic tie ups already.

· bryan38401 (not verified) · 16 weeks ago

check out Charge-A-Lot in columbia tn 38401 theres works just fine and i think theres is ul listed.they a few stations listed on carstations.com

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